1/1/2023 0 Comments Black baby boyInterdisciplinary research teams must continue to investigate the links between socialĪnd biological determinants of infant mortality. Provide support and risk-appropriate care for pregnant women and children. 10 Efforts are being made at state and federal levels through programs like WIC, which Into enforceable public health policies by actively engaging today’s policymakersĪnd providing transparent data to them. We must continually translate epidemiological data 12Ĭontributing, upstream risk factors must be addressed as we attempt to eliminate racialĭifferences in infant mortality. Even amongĬollege-educated parents, different rates of low and very-low birth weight babiesĪccount for higher Black IMR when compared to White populations. ParentalĮducation is also a significant contributor to infant mortality among normal-weightīabies, with most Black mothers possessing a lower educational status. 10,11 Household income status is often low among Black families compared to White households,Īnd this impacts the ability of the mother to provide appropriate health care. Inequalities that determine socioeconomic status: income, maternal education, maternalĪge, marital status, parity, smoking, alcohol and substance use, and health insuranceĬoverage. 10īeing racially or ethnically Black has been linked in some studies to certain social IMR, therefore, reflects the poor health status of Black mothers. Status-affects the outcome of the pregnancy and the infant’s health. In a study of all births to Black and White mothers between 19, 9 it was noted that socioeconomic status, maternal demographics, and health accessĭifferences accounted for one-third of the White-Black differences in infant mortality.ĭuring pregnancy the mother’s health environment-a direct translation of her socioeconomic Status and behaviour, significant disparities exist in IMR between Black and White And even after adjusting for differences in maternal socioeconomic Important predictors of maternal and infant mortality. Low maternal age, alcohol use during and after pregnancy, and access to prenatal care-are Furthermore, maternal demographics and behavioral factors-birth out of wedlock, Socioeconomic status-including education level, employment, occupation, and income-areįundamental determinants of health because they influence many other intermediateįactors. Black infants are 3.8 times more likely to die from low birth weightĬomplications, and Black mothers are more likely than White mothers to receive lateĭuring pregnancy the mother’s health environment affects the outcome of the pregnancy In the US, there has been a decline in infant mortality,īut Black infants are observed to have about 2.1 times the infant mortality rate of Showing the least progress in IMR reduction.ĭespite overall global reductions in IMR, we must address the unacceptably high racialĭisparity in infant mortality. Has the highest risk of death in the first month of life and is one of the regions 8 About 80% of these deaths occur in the first six months of life. 1,7 In developing countries, mortality among children under 5 is observed to be highestĭuring infancy. 6 In the US, the five leading causes of infant mortality include low birth weight (LBW),īirth defects, maternal peripartum complications, accidental and nonaccidental injuries,Īnd sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, malnutrition, and HIV. 5 Globally, the causes revolve around problems of prematurity, birth complications, The leading causes of infant deaths vary from developed to developing countries. Infant mortality is unacceptable anywhere in the world.
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